Finished! Looks like this project is out of data at the moment!
Thanks everyone, PROJECT IS COMPLETE! (There will be some oddities while I collect the overall statistics.)
Education
Adak Harbor (detail), by William F. Draper; 1942, Naval History and Heritage Command.
Partnerships supporting education
Teachers: find useful teaching tools and activities using primary sources at DocsTeach, from the National Archives. The primary source documents used in this project are available from National Archives Catalog. Links to these documents, as well as photographs, artwork and ship histories from the U.S. Navy can be found in the FIELD GUIDE.
Deep read: selected science papers
These are the most recent scientific papers about air and ocean temperature bias that motivate this project.
Cornes, R.C., et al. CLASSnmat: A global night marine air temperature data set, 1880-2019, Geosci. Data J. 2020; 00: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.100
A new data set of Night Marine Air Temperature (NMAT) is presented that builds on the HadNMAT2 data set, which was released in 2013. In a similar manner to HadNMAT2, the new data set (CLASSnmat) provides uninterpolated, monthly global values at a 5° resolution back to 1880.
Huybers, P. & D. Chan. Identifying and correcting the World War II warm anomaly in sea surface temperature measurements (pre-print), EarthArXive, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/ju26e
Most foregoing estimates of historical sea surface temperature (SST) feature warmer global-average SSTs during World War 2 well in excess of climate-model predictions. This warm anomaly, referred to as the WW2WA, was hypothesized to arise from incomplete corrections of biases associated with rapid changes in measurement instruments and protocols.
Junod, R. & J. Christy. A new compilation of globally gridded night-time marine air temperatures: The UANNMATv1 dataset. Int J Climatol. 2020; 40: 2609-2623. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6354
Over the past century, climate records have pointed to an increase in global average surface temperature. Because there has been an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, there has been an associated increase in the radiative forcing, the response to which should be an increase in surface temperature. Thus, an accurate time series of surface temperature is important for addressing the question of the magnitude of anthropogenic climate warming.